专项复习（三）：形容词、副词
二. 重点讲解：
形容词
形容词是用来描写或修饰名词（或代词）的一类词。形容词在句中主要用作定语、表语和宾语补足语。
1. 用作定语，修饰名词或代词.
（1）形容词修饰名词时，一般置于它所修饰的名词之前；如有若干形容词同时修饰一个名词，它们的排列顺序较为固定，通常为：描绘形容词、特征形容词（包括大小、长短、形状、新旧、年龄等）、颜色形容词。
①She has beautiful long curly blond hair.
她长着漂亮的金黄色长卷发。
② Mary gave me a useful big brown wooden box.
玛丽给了我一个实用的大的褐色木盒子。
注意：enough修饰名词时，既可放在名词之前，也可放在名词之后。但多放在名词前。
③ Don’t worry. We have enough time/time enough to get there.
别着急。我们有足够的时间赶到那儿。
由连字符连接起来的复合形容词作定语时，总是放在它所修饰的名词前面，而且复合形容词中的名词只能用单数形式。
④ an eight-year-old boy一个八岁的男孩
（2）形容词修饰由some，any，every，no等构成的复合不定代词时须后置。
①Will you please tell us something interesting?
你给我们说些有趣的事，好吗?
②There’s nothing special in the box.
盒子里没有什么特别的东西。
2. 用作表语，位于系动词之后。
常用的系动词有：be，become，get，look，feel，smell，sound，turn，seem，keep，grow等。
① The park is very beautiful. 这座公园很美。
② The soup smells delicious. 汤闻上去真鲜美。
③ That sounds good. 那听上去不错。
3. 用作宾语补足语，紧跟在宾语后面
① Keep the classroom clean and tidy，please.
请保持教室干净整洁。
② Kate found her work very boring.
凯特发现她的工作很枯燥。
注意：大多数形容词既可作定语，又可作表语。但有一部分形容词只能用作表语，不能作定语；也有一部分形容词只能用作定语，不能作表语。
常见只作表语的形容词有：well，ill，glad，ready，以及以a起首的afraid，alike，alive. alone, asleep, awake等。
常见只作定语的形容词有： indoor，out door，以及表示方位的：east，eastern，north，northern，south，southern，west，western等。
另外，有些形容词和定冠词the连用，叫做名词化的形容词，常用来：
（1）泛指一类人，表复数概念，作主语时要求谓语动词用复数形式。
The old are taken good care of in our country.
在我们国家老人受到了很好的照顾。
（2）指抽象事物，作主语时要求谓语动词用单数形式。
The beautiful never dies. 美是不朽的。
【例1】（2006·南通）The food on the plate smells_____. You can’t eat it.
A. delicious B. badly C. well D. bad
◆形容词的比较等级
形容词有三个比较等级，分别为原级（即原形）、比较级和最高级。
1. 形容词比较等级的构成。
（1）规则变化如下表：
构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
①一般在词尾加-er long longer longest
或-est tall taller tallest
单 ②以字母-e结尾的词， large larger largest
音 加-r或-st nice nicer nicest
节
词
和 ③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的 heavy heavier heaviest
双 词，变y为i，再加-er
音 或-est
节
词 big bigger biggest
重读闭音节词只有一个 hot hotter hottest
辅音字母结尾时，先双写 fat fatter fattest
辅音字母，再加er或est
（2）不规则变化
good／well better best
ill worse worst
little less least
many/much more most
far farther／further farthest／furthest
常见用法：
（1） as…as not as…as not so …as “（不）像…那样”
It isn’t as/so hot as it was yesterday. 今天不像昨天那样热。
Mr. Green isn’t as／so old as he looks. 格林先生不像看上去那么老。
（2） 比较级+than
Tom is younger than I／me. 汤姆比我年轻。
This book is more interesting than that one. 这本书比那本书有趣。
He is taller than any other boy in his class.
= He is taller than the other boys in his class.
他比他班上别的男孩都高。
比较级常用的修饰词有：a bit，a little，much，far，a lot，even，still等。
It’s a little colder today than it was yesterday.
今天比昨天稍冷一点儿。
Traveling by plane is far more expensive than traveling by bus.
乘飞机旅行比乘公交车旅行要贵得多。
注意1：在特定的语境中，比较级也可以单独使用。例如：
Are you feeling better today? 你今天感觉好些了吗?
Please be more careful next time. 下次请更加小心些。
注意2：形容词最高级前有物主代词或名词所有格时，省
略定冠词the
It’s his most unlucky day. 这是他最不幸的一天。
China’s second largest city 中国的第二大城市
◆形容词比较等级的特殊用法
1. “比较级+and+比较级” “more and more+原级” 表示“越来越…”
与这类结构搭配的常用动词有get，become，grow等。
这种结构不可后接than从句，句中动词常用进行时。
It’s getting hotter and hotter. 天气变得越来越热。
It’s becoming more and more difficult to find a job.
找工作变得越来越难。
2. “The+比较级+（句子），the+比较级+（句子）
表示“越…，（就）越…”
The warmer the weather is，the better we feel.
天气越暖和，我们感觉越舒服。
The younger you are，the easier it is to learn.
年纪越轻，学习越容易。
3. 在“of the two”结构中，用“the+比较级”表示“某两个人或物中较…的一个”
Of the two rooms，this one is the brighter.
这两个房间中，这间比较明亮。
She is the more beautiful of the two actresses.
在这两位女演员中，她比较漂亮。
4.“One of the+最高级+可数名词复数”表示“…中最…的一个”“最……之一”
Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world.
上海是世界上最大的城市之一。
5. “the+序数词+最高级+（名词）”表示“第…最…的”
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
黄河是中国的第二大河。
6. 倍数比较。
常见句型有：倍数+as+原级+as+…；倍数+比较级+than+…。
Their house is about three times as big as ours.
他们的房子大约有我们房子的三倍大。
Their house is about twice bigger than ours.
他们的房子大约比我们的房子大两倍。
◆常用形容词辨析
1. alone与lonely
alone可作形容词，又可作副词，意为“独自的（地）；单独的（地）”。用作形容词时只能作表语，描述客观实际。lonely为形容词，可用作表语和定语，表示“孤独的，寂寞的”，描述心境。lonely还可说明地点的“偏僻，荒凉”
Mr. Smith lives alone on a lonely island but he never feels lonely.
史密斯先生独自住在一个荒凉的岛上，但他从不觉得寂寞。
2. -ing形容词与-ed形容词
英语中一些动词有两种形容词化的形式：-ing和-ed形式，它们的区别就在于：-ing形容词一般多指事物影响人。
I don’t like the story because it’s boring.
我不喜欢这个故事，因为它令人厌烦。
而-ed形容词往往带有被动含义，多指事物。
He’s very interested in math. 他对数学很感兴趣。
副词
◆副词的比较等级
1. 构成。
副词也有三个比较等级，即原级、比较级和最高级。其比较等级形式的变化与形容词大致相同但以后缀-1y结尾的副词须用加more和most的方式构成。例如：
quickly more quickly most quickly
carefully more carefully most carefully
不规则变化：
well better best badly worse worst
2. 副词比较等级的用法。
副词比较等级的用法和形容词比较等级的用法相同。但是，副词最高级前的the通常省略。
Jane draws as well as her sister.
简和她姐姐画得一样好。
Linda lives closer to the school than I（do）.
琳达住得比我更靠近学校。
She plays the piano much more wonderfully than the others.
她的钢琴比其他人弹得动听得多。
◆特殊用法
1. “比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more+原级”表示“越来越……”这种结构不可后接than从句。
It rained more and more heavily. 雨下得越来越大。
2. “The+比较级+（句子），the+比较级+（句子）越（是）……，（就）越……
The faster I typed , the more mistakes I make.
我打字越快，出的错就越多。
【模拟试题】（答题时间：40分钟）
形容词、副词专练
1. Write and try not to make any mistakes.
A. as careful as possible B. as carefully as you can
C. most careful D. more careful
2. Many young people want to work in Shanghai, because it is city.
A. so a modern B. very a modern
C. such modern D. quite a modern
3. —How well Alan dance! I can’t believe my eyes!
—
A. So he does. B. So does he.
C. So do I. D. So I do.
4. Mr. Watson won’t be here next week, and .
A. neither will his wife. B. neither his wife won’t
C. his wife won’t neither D. his wife won’t either
5. This is gift I have ever received. I love it very much.
A. the best B. better C. worse D. the worst
6. We can do the work better with money and people.
A. less; fewer B. fewer; less C. less; less D. fewer; fewer
7. Remember, boys and girls, you work, result you get we know, Miss Gao.
A. the better, the harder B. the harder, the better
C. the hard , the better D. the harder , the good
8. I don’t think Italian noodles are Chinese food.
A. as delicious than B. as delicious as
C. delicious than D. more delicious as
9. Li Lei’s words made her .
A. happily B. angrily C. crying D. angry
10. If you are not by then, I’ll take you to see the doctor.
A. good B. well C. fine D. better
11. Miss Li is one of in our school.
A. a popular teacher B. more popular teacher
C. most popular teacher D. the most popular teachers
12. China has a much population than
A. larger, Russia B. more, Russia
C. larger, that of Russia D. more, that of Russia
13. Our country becomes .
A. more beautiful and more beautiful
B. more and more beautiful
C. the most beautiful and most beautiful.
D. most beautiful and most beautiful
14. Tony fell off his bike and hurt himself （严重地）.
15. After half an hour’s flying, the plane landed （安全地）.
16. （幸运）, he has passed the English exam.
17. She is a little （仔细）than her classmates.
18. The cake tastes （好）and I like it very much.
19. We speak （高度地）of Li Feng.
20. They all looked （高兴地）at the teacher when he told them the good news.
仿真训练
1. I think English is as ____ as math.
A. important B. importanter C. more important D. most important
2. Which subject do you like ____ , math, Chinese or English ?
A. better B. best C. well D. very much
3. Beijing is one of _____ cities in China.
A. large B. larger C. the largest D. largest
4. Lucy is ___ of all.
A. young B. younger C. youngest D. the youngest
5. Of all the students in our class. Betty writes _____ .
A. very carefully B. most carefully
C. more carefully D. the most careful
6. Can you do the work with _____ money and _____ people?
A. less, fewer B. fewer, less C. little, less D. least, fewest
7. Chinese is the language spoken by the __________ number of the people in the world, but it’s not as _________ as English.
A. largest; widely spoken B. large; wide spoken
C. larger; widely speaking D. largest; wide speaking
8. Kate has some apples. Jim has ___ apples than Kate. Meimei has _____ of all.
A. more, the most B. the most, more C. more, most D. many, the more
9. Bob is ____ of the two boys. Mary is ____ of the three girls.
A. tall, short B. taller, the shorter
C. tallest, the shortest D. the taller, the shortest
10. This one is not good, that one is ____.
A. more bad B. even worse C. still worst D. more badly
11. Let’s go by car. It’s _______.
A. cheap a lot B. cheap much C. more cheap D. much cheaper
12. He drives much _____ than he did three years ago.
A. careful B. carefully C. more careful D. more carefully
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