九年级英语同步辅导 2009-09-21 22:10:48 阅读51 评论0 字号:大中小
第二单元复习指导
一、重点单词
1. tower 塔
2. thick 厚的,稠的
3. whole 完全的,完整的
4. weigh 称,重
5. including 包括
6. human 人类的
7. farther 更远的,更进一步的
8. farthest 最远的
9. list 目录,清单
10. anybody 任何人
11. kilo 千克
12. lift 电梯,举起,提起
13. pull 拖,拉
二、重点短语
1. some day 来日
2. hold a world record 保持世界纪录
3. work on 从事
4. stand on on
5. more than 超过
6. on average 平均
7. on record 记录
8. the others 其余的
9. make a list of 制表,做表册
10. find out 找出,发现
11. all over the world 全世界
12. play the violin 拉小提琴
13. try doing 试一试做某事
三、重点句型
1.How can ordinary people break a world record?普通人怎样能打破世界记录呢?
用法:1). Ordinary作形容词,其意思是普通的,平凡的
如:She went out for a walk in ordinary dress.
record 作名词时意思为记录,成绩,表现,履历,经历,唱片.
作动词时,其意思为记录,录下(声音,影象)等.
如:Her diary records all the happenings of her days.
2.I don’t know if it will make you tall.我不知道这样能不能让你长高.
用法:make是动词,除了表示 “制作,制造”的意思外,还可以表示”让……,使得^”的意思.其后面可以跟形容词,名词,过去分词构成复合结构.
如:What made them so surprised?
在被动语态中,不定式中的to 不能省略。
如:he always makes his sister cry, but this time he was made to cry by his sister.
3. I don’t need any bananas. 我不需要香蕉
用法:need 作实义动词时,其结构通常有:
人+need +to do
如:We need to work harder.
物+need +doing
如:The garden doesn’t need watering because it rained last night.
物+need +to be done
如:The bike needs to be repaired.
=The bike needs repairing.
注意: need doing 中的doing与主语有被动关系。
5、If you were three meters tall, that would be a world record, too!
如果你有3米高,那也是一项世界纪录!
1) three meters tall是‘数词+名词+形容词”结构,该结构相当于“a+数词-名词(单数)-形容词”结构。
如:The boy is twelve years old. =This is a twelve-year-old boy.
2) . If you were three meters tall. 是条件句,表示假设或实现的可能性不大的情况。如:
He would certainly go if he had some time.
在从句中be 用were这个形式,不管使什么人称,表示假设和虚拟。
如:If I were you, I wouldn’t lose heart.
If my father were at home, everything would be all right.
6. Where’s the Highest Hotel?最高的宾馆在那里?
highest 是形容词的最高级,特别注意形容词最高级前必须加上 冠词the.如:
He is the tallest in our class.
7. It is located on the top 35 floors of the 88-storey Jin Mao Tower.
它位于88层高的金茂大厦的最上面的35层。
Locate是动词,意思为“位于”常用搭配be located in/on.美式英语中有“定居”的意思。如:
The post office is located in the eastern part of the village.
作动词,还有“设于,测出,寻出”的意思。如:
He located his new store on Zhongshan Road.
8. Since 1990, about 250,000 workers have worked on the Three Gorges Dam.从1990年开始,约250,000名工人忙于三峡大坝的建设。
1)、since作介词时,意思是“自……以来(以后)”
如:We have been busy since last week.
2). Since作连词,意思是“自……以来,既然,因为”
如:It has been ten years since I saw him last.
9、Here comes Brian.布来恩来了。
以副词here, there, off , out, always等开头的句子,主要用于加强语气,当其主语为名词时,通常要使用倒装。
如:Away went the boy to the school!
10. I have been standing on on
我单脚站立超过3分钟了。
have been standing属于现在完成时,表示过去动作已经开始,现在正在进行。如:
I’m sorry that you have been waiting me so long.
11. Do you know what the record is?你知道记录是什么吗?
what the record is 在此为宾语从句,注意宾语从句要用陈述语序。
如:I wonder if you can finish the work on time.
12. In seven hours and 57 minutes, you’ll be the champion!7时57分钟后,你就赢了。
in+时间段,表示多长时间后,常用于将来时态。
after+ 时间段,表示多长时间后,常用于过去时态。
如:Uncle Wang will be back in a week.
After twenty minutes, we reached home.
拓展in, at , on在时间名词前面的用法,请记住下列口诀。
年月周前用in, 具体日子却要禁;
遇到几号要用on, 上午下午又是in.
要说某日上下午,用on换in 记清楚。
午夜点分用at,黎明用它也不错。
13、On average , it weights more than 25tons.平均重26多吨。
1)、average 作名词,意思为“平均,一般”
如:Your writing skill is close to the average for your age.
2). Weigh作动词时,意思为“称……重量,权衡,考虑”。
如: We weighed our choices of movies before we decided which on
Weigh是名词,作“重量,重”讲时是不可数名词,作“重物”讲时是不可数名词。
如: He lifts ten pounds weights to strengthen his muscles every day.
14. Let’s go the Farthest!让我们走到最远。
动词go的固定搭配:
go along进行
如:Everything goes along well.
2).go away离去, 逃走
如:They went away.
3). go back返回,回去。
如:He goes back to his seat.
4)go by过去
Five years went by.
5). go down降下,下沉,沉没
如:Price have gone down.
6).go on进行
如:Go on, please.
7). go out出去,旅行
如:He has gone out to Japan.
8).go round运转
如:The earth goes round the sun.
9).go through经历,审阅,通过
如:He has gone through many troubles.
For意思为 “远的”,其比较级与最高级 有两种形式far-farther-farthest, far-further-furthest. farther与farthest一般表示地点之间的具体距离,further与furthest一般作抽象意义,表示时间,数量或程度上更多,更进一步,更深一层。如:She know further than me on this subject.
15. That bird flies faster.那只鸟飞的更快。
fly 意思为“飞,放飞”如:
The children are flying kites.
Fly还可以用于“be+ doing”表示 “将要飞往……”。类似的词还有:come, go, leave, drive.如:
I’m leaving for Shanghai.
16Who will win?谁能赢?
win, beat
1)beat后面可以接人或对名,意思是“击败对手”,另外beat还表示“打,击”之意。
如:I can beat you at swimming.
2)win意思是“赢得某个项目”,后面加表示比赛的词语match, game.
如:He won a game.
17. Mr. Jones is helping the class make a list of records.琼斯先生正在帮同学们列记录单。
List是名词,意思为“名单,清单”
如:The teacher is calling the names according to the list.
18. Who can think of another record we can use? 谁能想出另一个我们能用的记录?
think of , think about
1)、think of 与think about 表示“考虑,对……有某种看法”的意思时,其用法相同,两者可以互换使用。如:
We are thinking of /thinking about going to Shanghai for our holidays.
2).think about可以表示“回想”,着重说的是想的过程;think of可以表示想起,记起, 想着;
如:I often thought about what you said last time I saw you.
3). think about还可以意思为“考虑,思考”。
如:I don’t care what other people think about me.
拓展:
1) think over意思为‘仔细,考虑“,是动副词结构的搭配,如果是代词作宾语,需要放在think 与over中间。如:
Before you do it, please think the whole thing over.
2).think out想出
如:By that time she had thought out a plan.
19. How about a record for the longest hair?头发最长的记录怎样?
How about…?是常用交际用语,可翻译为“……怎么样/如何?”询问对方对某事/物或做某事的看法。该句型可与What do you think of ……?句型互换。
如:How/What about going out for a walk?
20. I don’t have any hair. 我没有头发。
Hair 意为“头发”既是可数名词又是不可数名词。当强调整体时为不可数名词,但强调头发的根数时为可数名词。
如:I found a white hair yesterday.
21. We could find out who has the longest tall. 我们可以找出谁的尾巴最长。
find: find out
find 强调找到东西或人的结果,是非延续性动词。find out 则是通过努力找到问题的答案或秘密。
At last, Mr. John found his pen.
22.It’s hard to break a world record. 打破世界纪录很难。
to break a world record 这里是动词不定式用作主语。不定式用作主语时,通常用it 作形式主语,不定式或不定式短语作的主语则放在后面。
It is imp
23.It’s huge. 它很大。
1) huge 意为“巨大的;极大的”,修饰具体事物,指规格、数额超常。
如:It is made of 2300000 huge stones.
2) big 常用语,口语中用的较多,可修饰尺度、数量、重量等方面,也可以指人的。
如:This is a big/large room. 这是一个大房间。
3) large 一般指体积、面积、容量大,也可指数量,不指人,无感情色彩,表示具体事物的大小时可与big互换。
如: There’s large number of books in our school library.
4) great 常常表示“伟大的”,可修饰抽象名词,也可修饰具体的人或物,带有一定的感情色彩。
如:We are going to visit the People’s Great Hall.
四、重点语法
I. 要点
A. 形容词
1、 形容词的用法
形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的,通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补,有时还可作状语。如:
He is honest and hardworking.
I found the book interesting.
某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式。如:
The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.
The English like to be with their families.
多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序:
冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态(描述性)+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如: the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.
2、 形容词比较等级的形式
(1) 规则形式
一般说来,单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er; --est 来构成比较级和最高级;其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more, most.如:
great-greater-greatest
busy-busier-busiest
imp
(2) 不规则形式
good (well)-better-best
bad (ill)-worse-worst
many (much)-more-most
little-less-least
(3) 形容词比较等级的用法
①表示两者的比较,用形容词的比较级+than. 如:
He is cleverer than the other boys.
This on
②表示两者以上的比较,用"the +形容词最高级(+名词)+of(in) …"如:
He is the cleverest boy in his class.
③表示两者是同等程度,用"as +形容词原级+as". 如:
He is as tall as I.
I have as many books as you.
④ 越… 越…
例如:The more I learn, the happier I am.
⑤ You can never be too careful. 越小心越好
又如:You can never praise the teacher too highly.
你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。
⑥ I have never spent a more worrying day.
那一天是最令我担心的一天。
I have never had a better dinner.
这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。
⑦ My English is no better than yours.
我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。
B.副词
1、 副词的种类
(1) 时间副词 如:ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等
(2) 地点副词 如:here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等。
(3) 方式副词 如:carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等。
(4) 程度副词 如:almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。
2、 副词比较等级的用法
其用法与形容词相似,只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如:
Of all the boys he sings (the) most beautifully.
We must work harder.
3、 某些副词在用法上的区别
(1) already, yet, still
already表示某事物已经发生,主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事发生,主要用于否定句和疑问句;still表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,有时也可用于否定句。如:
We've already watched that film.
I haven't finished my homework yet.
He still works until late every night.
(2) too, as well, also, either
too, as well和 also用于肯定句和疑问句,too和as well多用于口语,一般放在句末,而also多用于书面语,一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句,往往放在句末。如:He went there too.
He didn't go there either.
I like you as well.
I also went there.
(3) hard, hardly
hardly意为"几乎"与hard在词义上完全不同。如:
I work hard every day.
I can hardly remember that.
(4) late, lately
lately意为"最近、近来",late意为"晚、迟"。如:
He never comes late.
Have you been to the museum lately?
1. I have been standing on on
more than 意为“超过、多余”,相当于over。如:
I have more than on
more ... than意为“比……更……”,more 后多接名词、多音节形容词或副词的原级。如:
I have more books than Danny. 我的书比丹尼的多。
This film is more interesting than that on
2. The average blue whale is about four times as big as the biggest elephant. 一般的蓝鲸大约是最大的大象的四倍。
常见的表示倍数增加的句型:
(1) A is n times as great (long,much,...) as B.
(2) A is n times greater (longer, more,...) than B.
(3) A is n times the size (length, amount,...) of B.
以上三句都应译为:A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍,或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍。如:
This book is three times as long as (three times longer than / three times the length of ) that on
3. I was surprised to read about the man who pulled the train. (在报纸上)看到有人可以拉动火车我很惊讶。
(1) be surprised to do sth. 意为“很惊讶做某事”。如:
I am surprised to meet an old friend in the street. 在街上遇到一位老朋友使我惊讶不已。
相关短语:
to on
in surprise 吃惊的
(2) 句中的who pulled the train 是定语从句,修饰先行词the man,意为“拉动火车的人”。
4. That's very kind of you, but you can't mail cake in an envelope. 你真好,但是你不能用信封邮蛋糕。
赞扬某人善良、人品好时,在英语中一般不说You are very good / kind / nice. 而是说It's / That's nice /good / kind of you.
在此句型中,如果表语是kind, nice, right, wrong, clever, polite 等描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,则应在动词不定式前加上of sb.。如:
It's clever of you to work out the math problem. 你真聪明,解出了这道数学题。
如果要说明动词不定式的动作是谁做的,可在动词不定式前加for sb.。如:
It's difficult for us to finish the work. 对我们来说,完成这项工作很困难。
☆of sb. 和for sb. 这两种结构还有一个区别,在of sb. 结构中,可用sb. 直接作句子的主语来改写成“It's + 形容词 + of sb. + 动词不定式”结构。试比较:
It's foolish of him to go alone. (=He was foolish to go alone.) 他单独去太傻了。
for sb.结构则不能这样转换,如:It's difficult for us to finish the work.不可以说:We are difficult to finish the work.
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