形容词
在整个英语学习中很重要,在八大词类中占的比例也很大。初中阶段课本包含了约319个形容词,比动词(310个)还多。名词(1313个),动词和形容词是词汇中的核心词汇。学好这三类词是关键。中考通常以选择,完成句子,选词填空等的形式命题。
主要是描述名词表示的事物的性质和特征的。在英语中有很多的形容词都与名词或动词有关联,它们是从名词或动词派生而来,即在原词的基础上加上相应的后缀就变为形容词,通常有以下13种形式。
下表中的形容词都是初中课本中的词汇,左联是形容词,右联是其对应的名词或动词。
13种后缀都列在了表头。这一归纳对同学的词汇学很有帮助,希望能同学能够认真学习此表。
1 -----y |
对应的词 |
|
n/adv/v |
busy |
business |
sunny |
sun (n) |
cloudy |
cloud (n) |
rainy |
rain (n) |
windy |
wind (n) |
happy |
happiness/happily |
unhappy |
|
heavy |
heave(v/n举,拉) |
healthy |
health(n) 健康 heal(v) 治愈 |
unhealthy |
|
hangery |
hanger(n) |
lazy |
laze(n/v) |
thirsty |
thirst(n) |
angry |
anger(n) |
necessary |
necessary(n) |
primary |
primarily(adv) |
trendy |
trend(n) (时髦) |
easy |
ease(n) |
crazy |
craze(n) |
lucky |
luck(n) luckily(adv) |
unlucky |
|
pushy |
push(n) |
sandy |
dand(n) |
crispy |
crisp |
elementory |
element(n) |
furry |
fur(n) |
guilty |
guilt(n) |
shiny |
shine(n/v) |
silly |
silly(n)(silly bily) silliness(n) |
sleepy |
sleep(n/v) |
tasty tasty |
taste(n/v) taster(n)品尝家 |
touristy |
tour/tourist(n/v) |
2 ---ful |
对应的词 |
|
n/v |
successful |
success(n)succeed(v) |
beautiful |
beauty(n) |
colorful |
color(n/v) |
careful |
care(n/v) |
wonderful |
wonder(n/v) |
helpful |
help(nv) |
peaceful |
peace(n) |
playful |
play(n/v) |
|
|
3 ---ous |
对应的词 |
|
n |
dangerous |
danger(n) |
delicious |
delicacy(n)(精美) |
fmaous |
fame(n)(声誉,名声) |
nervous |
nerves(n)(神经紧张) |
anxious |
anxiety(n)(忧虑,担心) |
enormous |
enormity(n)(巨大。无限) |
mysterious |
mystery(n)(神秘的事) |
serious |
seriousness(n)严肃 |
4 ---ly |
对应的词 |
|
n |
curly |
curl(n/v) curler(n卷发夹) |
friendly |
friend(n)friendless(n) friendship(n) |
unfriendly |
|
ugly |
|
early |
注early(adv) |
lovely |
love(n/v) |
lively |
live(n/v) |
|
|
|
|
5 ---al |
对应的词 |
|
|
central |
centre(n) |
international |
internation(n) |
traditional |
tradition(n) |
national |
nation(n) |
professional |
profession(n) |
musical |
music(n) |
natural |
nature(n) |
normal |
norm(n)(标准;规范) mormality(n)(正常状态) |
original |
origin(n)(起源;来历) |
personal |
person(n) |
rural |
注:(反urban)(adj) |
several 几个;一些 I go there several times each year. |
注:另一个意思:各自的They said goodbye and went their several homes. |
special 特别的;特殊的 |
specialist(n专家) special(n特别的事物)speciality(专长) |
crucial 重要的;严酷的;决定性的 |
crucible(n考验;熔炉) |
educational |
education(n) educate(v) |
final |
final(n 决赛;期中考试) |
medical |
medicine(n) |
local |
local(n本地人) |
6 ---ive |
对应的词 |
|
|
expensive |
expense(n消耗;消费) |
active |
act(n) |
creative |
create(v创造) creation(n创造;艺术作品) creativity(n创造性) |
|
positive 积极的;确定的 |
position(n)状态; 态度 |
negative 消极的;否定的
|
negate(v取消;使无效;否定) negative(n否定;拒绝) |
native |
nation(n国家;民族) native(n出生在某地的人) |
aggressive(好斗的有进取心的) |
aggression(n挑衅;侵犯) |
7 ---ic |
对应的词 |
|
|
fantastic(了不起的;极大的) |
fantasy(n幻想) |
athletic |
athlete(n运动员) athletics(n体育运动) |
electic |
electriscty(n电) electics(n电路) |
energetic |
energy(n力量;精力;能源) |
realistic |
reality(n真实;现实) |
scientific |
science(n) s(n)cientist(n) |
specific具体的;确切的;特有的 |
specification(n规格说明) specifics(n细节) specify(v指定;详述) |
8 ---ar |
对应的词 |
|
|
regular(规则的) |
regular(n)常客 retulate(v)管理;调节 regulation(n)规则管理 regulator(n)校准器 |
irregular |
irregularity(n) |
popular |
populace(n) popularity(n) popularize(v) |
particular |
particular(n事项;细节) particularity(n 仔细;细目) |
similar |
similarity(n类似) |
9 ---able |
对应的词 |
|
n/v |
comefortable |
comefort(n安逸;舒适) comefort(v安慰) |
adjustable |
adjust(v调整;使合适) adjustment(n调整) |
suitable |
suit(v适合;对…方便) suitability(n适宜;合适) |
10 --ing |
对应的词 |
|
v |
interesting |
interest |
boring |
bore |
relaxing |
rlaxe |
following |
follow |
good-looking |
look |
outgoing |
go |
loving |
love |
outstanding |
outstand |
amazing |
amaze |
disapponting |
disappoint |
hadworking |
hardwork |
confusing |
confuse |
convincing |
convince |
embarrassing |
embarrasse |
fascinating |
fascinate |
frustrating |
frustrate |
misleaing |
mislead |
tiring |
tire |
willing |
will(n/v) |
11 ---ed |
对应的词 |
|
v |
interested |
interest |
crowded |
crowd |
tired |
tire |
relaxed |
relaxe |
surrised |
surprise |
anoyed |
anoy |
bored |
bore |
injured |
injur |
supposed |
soppose |
organised |
organise |
scared |
scare |
disabled |
disable |
disgusted |
disgust |
embarrassed |
embarrasse |
endangered |
endanger |
pleased |
please |
pulluted |
pullute |
spotted |
spot |
uncrowded |
uncrowd |
worried |
worry |
|
|
12 ---ent |
对应的词 |
|
n |
dfferent |
dfferrence(n) |
excellent |
excellence(n) |
confident |
confidence |
covenient |
convenience(n) |
patient |
patience(n) 克制; 耐心 patient(n) 病人 |
ancient |
ancient(n) 老头 ancients(n) 文明古国的古人
|
13 ---ant |
对应的词 |
|
n |
imp |
imp |
pleasant |
pleasure(n) |
unpleasant |
unpleasure(n) |
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