高三新课：Unit 3（I）—The Portrait of a Nation
二. 知识总结与归纳：
1. Modern Australia is made up of six states and two territories….
现代澳大利亚是由六个州和两个大区组成的。
be made up of：由……组成。（相当于：consist of）其主动形式是：make up
The committee is made up of / consists of eleven members.
A star and nine planets make up the solar system.
make up 的其他意义：弥补；补偿；编造；化妆；和解。
Saying that you are sorry won’t make up for the damage done.
That story which John had told was not true, he made it all up.
It’s time you made up with him.
She made up herself quickly before starting for the party.
2. Six of the points represent the states and the seventh stands for all the territories.
六个角代表六个州第七个角代表所有的区。
represent：代表；象征；说明；阐释 而stands for：代表（不用被动语态）；主张；忍受（用于否定句）
The competition attracted over 100 contestants representing 10 different schools.
A dove represents peace.
The red lines on the map stands for / represents railways.
The Queen was represented at the funeral by the British ambassador.
Such excuses represent nothing to us at all.
They stood for equality between sexes.
I won’t stand for your hearing any more of your complaints .
3. The peoples came to the continent at least fifty thousand years ago and created complex societies. Their culture was highly developed.
这些人至少在五万年以前就来到了这块陆地，而且创造了复杂的社会群体。他们的文化得到了高度的发展。
peoples：民族；种族；The Chinese are a hard-working people.
The peoples of African
people：人们；人民。是集合名词（本身就是复数形式）；当“人民”讲前面加“the”。
People from all over the world will gather in Beijing to celebrate the 2008 Olympic Games in 2008.
highly：高度地。think / say / sing highly of…..
4. Some Australian Aborigines still live in a similar way to their ancestors, while others live in cities, towns and the country in the same way as their fellow Australians.
有些澳大利亚的土著居民仍然过者与他们的祖先相类似的生活，而另外一些人则像其他澳大利亚同胞一样住在城镇和农村。
similar：相似的；短语：be similar to….：与……相似；而：the same as…：与……相同。
while：表示转折，而；但是。
fellow：
（1）同类；同伴；（2）男人；会员；研究员
the fellow students / travelers
It’s nice to meet a fellow jazz fan.
How are you old fellow ?
She’s a fellow of Peking University.
5. In 1770, Captain James Cook claimed the east coast of the continent for British Crown.
1770年James Cook船长宣称这个大陆的东海岸属于大不列颠王国。
claim：宣称；声称；认领，要求得到……
An underground organization has claimed responsibility for the bomb explosion.
Lost property can be claimed between 10a.m and 4 p.m.
Did you claim on the insurance after your car accident ?
He made a claim for higher pay.（claim在此是名词词性）
6. The newcomers changed the way land was managed and introduced new plants and animals that were harmful to the Australian ecosystems.
新来的这批人改变了这里的土地管理方式，引进了新的植物和动物，这些动植物破坏了澳大利亚的生态系统。
be harmful to= do sb. harm：对……有害
Smoking is harmful to your health. Smoking does your health harm.
7. As a consequence, the original Australians suffered. Many Aborigines and Islanders were moved and had their land taken away from them.
结果原来的澳大利亚人吃尽了苦头。许多土著居民和岛民被迫迁走，他们的土地被剥夺了。
as a consequence= as a result / in consequence. 结果，因此
The tsunami hit the coastline around the Indian Ocean. As a consequence, thousands of people died and more became homeless.
as a consequence of ….= as a result of / because of…：由于……
The number of people who are suffering and dying as a consequence of cigarette smoking is increasing.
take / bear the consequence of…. ：后果自负
You made the wrong decision, and you must take he consequence.
had their land taken away from them：have sth. done 结构。
8. The First World War had a strong influence on Australia.
第一次世界大战对澳大利亚的影响很大。
have a strong influence on….：对……很大。
Literature and art have a great influence on people’s ideology.
Under the influence of her mother, she chose to be a nurse.
His father is an influence in politics.（influence：可数名词：有影响的人）
9. The economy grew and Australia benefited from immigration.
经济发展了，澳大利亚得益于其移民政策。
benefit from：得益于……
I benefited greatly from my maths teacher’s help.
It’s an expensive investment but it will benefit the company in the long run.
10. English is the official languages of Australia. Australian English differs I pronunciation from British and American English, and some of the vocabulary used “down under” is quite different from what you may have learnt in your English class.
英语是澳大利亚的官方语言。澳洲英语在发音上不同于英国英语和美国英语。在澳大利亚所用的某些词汇不同于你在课堂上所学的词汇。
differ：与……不同。接介词：from / with / about / on / in…
His age differs by two years from hers.
He differed with his brother about the question.
These wall papers differ in patterns but not in kind.
【典型例题】
一. 单项选择：
1. The destruction of these treasures was a loss for mankind that no amount of money could ____.
A. make up B. make up for C. come up with D. put up with
答案：B
分析：这些财富的毁灭对人类是无法用金钱来弥补的。make up for…对……的弥补。
2. In only ten years, this once small company has been ____ into a large multi-national company.
A. transformed B. transported C. transferred D. transplanted
答案：A
分析：仅仅10年这个曾经的小公司已经转变为一个跨国公司了。transform：转换，transport：运输； transfer：传输；transplant：移植。
3. The company _____ that their product makes you thin without dieting, which I doubt.
A. tells B. declares C. claims D. shouts.
答案：C
分析：这家公司声称他们的产品不用节食就能使你变瘦，对此我表示怀疑。claim：宣称。
4. She was over the age limit, _____, her application was rejected .
A. as result of B. as a matter of
C. as a consequence D. as a consequence of
答案：C
分析：她超过了年龄限制，结果她的申请被拒绝了。A，D表示：由于……；B：事实上。
5. She ____ her mother in the way she moves her hands when she talks.
A. like B. seems C. looks around D. resembles
答案：D
分析：她在讲话时举手投足的动作很像她的母亲。resemble：类似于，与……类似。A项是介词；B项是系动词后面接形容词。
6. The shirt is ____ what I saw in the shop.
A. similar as B. the same like C. similar like D. the same as
答案：D
分析：the same as：与……一样；A项应当是：be similar to…：与……相似。
二. 翻译句子：
1. 对不起，在这一点上，我与你的看法不同。（differ）
2. 他声称他从未作过这件事，但没有人相信他。（claim)
3. 教育需要更加多元化和更大的选择。（diversity）
4. 在阳光下看书对你的眼睛有害。（be harmful to）
5. 不断增长的油价对我们的生活有着很大的影响。（have a strong influence on）
6. 他长期超时工作，结果累坏了身体。（as a consequence）
答案：
1. I’m sorry to differ with you of this point.
2. He claimed that he hadn’t done that. But nobody believed him.
3. There is a need for greater diversity and more choice in education.
4. It’s harmful to your eyes to read in the sun.
5. The increasing price of oil has a strong influence on our life.
6. He worked overtime for a long time, as a consequence, he broke down.
【模拟试题】
一. 单项选择：
1. Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _____jokes.
A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up
2. People in New York ____ that their city is the most vital city in the world.
A. announce B. claim C. state D. pronounce
3. The two birds, _____ each other in shape and color. In other words, they ___ each other in shape and color.
A. differ; are different from B. differ from; are different to
C. resemble ; are similar to D. resemble; are similar with
4. A steam-engine _____ heat into energy.
A. transforms B . makes C. translate D. transports
5. He claimed _____ in the street last night on the way home.
A. robbing B. being robbed
C. to be robbed D. to have been robbed
6. ____ I accept that he isn’t perfect, I do actually like the person.
A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless
7. ____ on the small island, the tower has been seriously damaged by the sea water.
A. Being lain B. Lain C. Being located D. Located
8. With this kind of technology, those dangerous or poisonous waste can be ___ valuable materials.
A. divided into B. separated from C. transformed into D. benefited from
9. On the American flag, there are altogether fifty stars and each star ____ one state.
A. presents B. expresses C. represents D. replaces
10. Many years later, the father returned from the army and found that his son was no longer ___ he used to be.
A. what B. how C. when D. whom
二. 完型填空：
It was raining. I went into a cafe and asked for a coffee. 1 I was waiting for my drink, I realized there were other people in the place, but I sensed 2 . I saw their bodies, but I couldn’t feel their souls 3 their souls belonged to the 4 .
I stood up and walked between the tables. When I came to the biggest computer, I saw a thin, small man 5 in front of it. “ I’m Steve, ” he finally answered after I asked him a couple of times what his name was. “ I can’t talk with you. I’m 6 ,” he said. He was chatting online and, 7 , he was playing a computer game –a war game. I was 8 .
Why didn’t Steve want to talk with me? I tried 9 to speak to that computer geek（怪人）, 10 not a word came out of his mouth. I touched his shoulder, but no reaction（反应）. I was 11 . I put my hand in front of the monitor, and he started to shout “ 12 ! ”
I took a few steps back, wondering if all those people in the cafe were looking at me. I 13 , and saw nobody showed any interest.
14 , I realized that the people there were having a nice conversation with their machines, not with people. They were more 15 having a relationship with the 16 , particularly Steve. I wouldn’t want to 17 the future of human beings if they preferred sharing their lives with machines 18 with people.
I was worried and sank in my thoughts. I didn’t even 19 that the coffee was bad, 20 Steve didn’t notice there was a person next to him.
1. A. Before B. Since C. Although D. While
2. A. pain B. loneliness C. sadness D. fear
3. A. because B. when C. until D. unless
4. A. home B. world C. Net D. Cafe
5. A. sleeping B. laughing C. sitting D. learning
6. A. busy B. thirsty C. tired D. sick
7. A. first of all B. just then C. at the same time D. by that time
8. A. surprised B. delighted C. moved D. frightened
9. A. once B. again C. first D. even
10. A. but B. so C. if D. or
11. A. excited B. respected C. afraid D. unhappy
12. A. Shut up B. Enjoy yourself C. Leave me alone D. Help me out
13. A. walked about B. walked out C. raised my hand D. raised my head
14. A. From then on B. At that moment C. In all D. Above all
15. A. interested in B. tired of C. careful about D. troubled by
16. A. computer B. soul C. shop D. geek
17. A. tell B. plan C. imagine D. design
18. A. other than B. instead of C. except for D. as well as
19. A. pretend B. understand C. insist D. realize
20. A. as if B. just as C. just after D. even though
三. 阅读理解：
Last August, Joe and Mary Mahoney began looking at colleges for their 17-year-old daughter, Maureen. With a checklist of criteria in hand, the Dallas family looked around the country visiting half a dozen schools. They sought a university that offered the teenagers intended major, one located near a large city, and a campus where their daughter would be safe.
“ The safety issue is a big one ,” says Joe Mahoney, who quickly discovered he wasn’t alone in his worries. On campus tours other parents voiced similar concerns, and the same question was always asked: What about crime? But when college officials always gave the same answer “That’s not a problem here. ” Mahoney began to feel uneasy.
“ No crime whatsoever. ” comments Mahoney today. “ I just don’t buy it. ” Nor should he: in 1999 the U. S. Department of Education had reports of nearly 400,000 serious crimes on or around our campuses. “ Parents need to understand that times have changed since they went to college, ” says David Nichols, author of Creating a Safe Campus. “ Campus crime mirrors the rest of the nation. ”
But getting accurate information isn’t easy. Colleges must report crime statistics（统计数字）by law ,but some hold back for fear of bad publicity, leaving the honest ones looking dangerous. “ The truth may not always be obvious, ” warns S. Daniel Carter of Security on Campus, Inc., the nation’s leading campus safety watchdog group.
To help concerned parents, Carter promised to visit campuses and talk to experts around the country to find out major crime issues and effective solutions.
1. The Mahoneys visited quite a few colleges last August _____.
A. to express the opinions of many parents
B. to choose a right one for their daughter
C. to check the cost of college education
D. to find a right one near a large city
2. It is often difficult to get correct information on campus crime because some colleges _____.
A. receive too many visitors
B. mirror the rest of the nation
C. hide the truth of campus crime
D. have too many watchdog groups
3. The underlined word “buy” in the third paragraph means .
A. mind B. admit C. believe D. expect
4. We learn from the text that “ the honest ones ” in the fourth paragraph most probably refers to colleges .
A. that are protected by campus security
B. that report campus crimes by law
C. that are free from campus crime
D. that enjoy very good publicity
5. What is the text mainly about ?
A. Exact campus crime statistics.
B. Crimes on or around campuses.
C. Effective solutions to campus crime.
D. Concerns about kids’ campus safety.
四. 短文改错：
Not all people like to work and everyone likes to play. All over 1. _____
the world men and woman, boys and girls enjoy sports. Since 2. _____
long ago ,many adults and children called their friends together 3. _____
to spend hours, even days play games. One of the reasons people 4. _____
like to play is that sports help them to live happily. In other words, 5. _____
they help to keep people strong and feel good. When people 6. _____
playing games, they move a lot. That is how sports are good activities 7. _____
for their health. Having fun with their friends make them happy. 8. _____
Many people enjoy sports by watching the others play. In American 9. _____
big cities, thousands sell tickets to watch football or basketball games. 10. ____
【试题答案】
一. 单项选择：
1. C 村里的每个人都喜欢杰克因为他特擅长讲笑话和编笑话。make up：编造，虚构。
2. B 纽约人声称纽约是世界上最重要的城市。Announce：正式宣布；state：陈述；pronounce：发音。
3. C 两只的鸟形状和颜色上相似。resemble ==be similar to：与……相似。
4. A 蒸汽机把热转化为能量。transform…into….：把……转化为……
5. D 他声称昨晚回家时在路上被劫了。claim 后面接不定式，根据语境不定式为完成被动式，表示：已经被劫了。
6. A 虽然我认为他不是个完美的人，但我实际上还是很喜欢他。While：尽管。
7. D 坐落在这个小岛上，这座塔受到海水严重侵蚀。Located……（坐落在……）做状语。
8. C 有了这种技术，那些危险品或有毒废料就能被转化为有价值的材料。divided into：被分成……部分； separated from ：与……分离；transformed into：被转化为……；benefited from：受益于……
9. C 美国国旗上共有50颗星，每颗星代表一个洲。presents：提交，呈现；expresses：表达；represents：代表；replaces：代替
10. A 多年以后，父亲退伍回来发现他的儿子不再是以前的样子了。What he used to be： 他以前的样子。
二. 完型填空：
本文叙述了作者在一家咖啡馆的经历和感受。
1. D 句意：当我在等饮料的时候，我意识到还有别人在那，但我感到很孤独。根据句意，A：在…以前，B：从……时候，C：虽然，尽管，意思不一致。
2. B 抓关键词but。前面提到有别人在，按理说应该不孤独，这里用“孤独”与前面的“有人在”形成转折。而“疼痛，悲哀，害怕”不能形成转折。
3. A 用原因状语从句表明“I couldn’t feel their souls”的原因。
4. C 句意：人在咖啡馆，心在网络上。由下文提到的computer，特别是Steve在聊天，可知是Net（网络），而不是家、世界或咖啡馆。
5. C 从下文“他忙着在电脑上聊天、打游戏”可知应是“坐”在电脑前，而不是睡、笑或学习。
6. A 从下一句他一边聊天一边打游戏，可知他很忙，“渴，累，病”与原文不符。
7. C A项的意思是：首先；B项的意思是：就在那时；C项的意思是：同时；D是：到那个时候。据上题解析，C项最佳。
8. A 对于Steve宁可在网上聊天、打游戏也不愿与他人交谈的现象，作者感到奇怪，不会是高兴、感动或害怕。
9. B 句意：我再次想与Steve交谈，但是他一句话也没说。
10. A 表转折。
11. D 作者想与Steve谈话，而Steve一句话也不说，甚至触摸他的肩膀都没有反应，作者当然会感到“不高兴”，而不会“激动”、“受尊重”或“害怕”。
12. C B、D两项显然不对。A项的意思是：住嘴；C项的意思是：别打扰我。从前面，我们可以看出作者不仅动了嘴，而且还动了手“touched his shoulder”，可知A项不合适。
13. D 从下文“saw nobody showed any interest”可知是抬起头（raised my head）。
14. B A项：从那时起；B项：在那时；C项：总共；D项：最重要的是。根据句意“在那时，我意识到……”知B项最佳。
15. A 句意：他们对与电脑建立关系更感兴趣。A项：对……感兴趣；B项：对。。。。厌烦；C项：对……小心；D项：被……打扰。
16. A 参看上题。
17. C A项：说出；B项：计划；C项：想象；D项：设计。句意：我不愿意去想象人类的将来，如果他们更愿意与机器而不是人来分享他们的生活。
18. B A项：other than=except；B项：而不是；C项：除……外；D项：也。根据句意（参看上题）知B项正确。
19. D 句意：我没有意识到咖啡难喝，就像Steve没有意识到他身旁有人一样。A项：假装，B项：理解，C项：坚持，D项：意识到。据句意应选D。
20. B A项：好像，B项：就像，C项：就在……后，D项：即使。据句意（上题已经解释了）可知B项正确。
三. 阅读理解：
文章叙述的是Joe和Mary Mahoney想为女儿寻找一所位于大城市附近；同时又比较安全的大学而所做的有关大学校园安全问题的调查。此文反映出当前美国民众，尤其是家长们所关注的校园安全问题。
1. B 细节题。从第一段的第一句话和最后一句话可知：他们要为女儿寻找一所能提供所要学的专业，并且很安全的一所学校。
2. C 细节题。从文章的第四段意可知。即：得到准确的信息是不容易的。大学必须 按法律规定上报犯罪数字，而有些学校害怕不好的声誉而隐瞒事实。
3. C 推理判断。从第三段的第一句话可知作者持怀疑态度。后面列举的400，000这个数字也表示出作者的不信任。
4. B 细节题。此句的主语为colleges，而ones代指colleges，故选B。
5. D 主旨大意题。从第一段中的最后一句话、第二段中的第一句话以及对犯罪数字的统计，还有最后一段的第一句话，即可知此文的中心是对有关校园安全问题的关注。
四. 短文改错：
1. and
but 2. womanwomen
3. children后加have 4. playplaying
5. √ 6. goodwell
7. howwhy 8. makemakes
9. 去掉the 10. sellbuy
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